Cataracts are one of the main causes of reduced vision worldwide, particularly in people over 60. Fortunately, it can be treated effectively, especially when detected early.
What is a cataract?
A cataract is the progressive opacification of the crystalline lens, the natural lens of the eye that helps focus light on the retina. Over time, this lens becomes cloudy, affecting vision. This phenomenon is often linked to ageing, but can also occur for other reasons.
The main symptoms
Cataract symptoms generally appear gradually. The most common signs are:
- Blurred or hazy vision, as if looking through a veil.
- Increased sensitivity to light, especially at night or when driving.
- Luminous halos around light sources.
- Altered perception of colours, which may appear washed out or yellowish.
- Frequent need to change glasses or contact lenses.
- Double vision in one eye
It is important to consult an eye care professional as soon as any of these symptoms appear, in order to obtain an accurate diagnosis.
Possible causes
The most common cause of cataracts is natural ageing. With age, the proteins in the crystalline lens degrade and clump together, leading to a loss of transparency.
Other factors can also increase the risk of developing a cataract:
- Prolonged exposure to UV rays.
- Family history.
- Prolonged use of certain drugs, particularly corticosteroids.
- Previous eye injuries or surgery.
Treatment options
In its early stages, cataracts can be managed temporarily with a prescription for adjusted glasses or improved lighting. But when vision becomes too affected on a daily basis, surgery is generally recommended.
Cataract surgery
This is one of the most common and safest types of surgery in Canada. It involves removing the cloudy lens and replacing it with a clear, permanent intraocular lens (IOL).
Benefits of surgery:
- Rapid restoration of vision.
- Outpatient procedure, generally pain-free.
- Very satisfactory results for the majority of patients.
There are different types of intraocular lenses, adapted to the visual needs of each individual (distance, near or multifocal vision). An ophthalmologist will help you choose the one that best suits your lifestyle.
Cataracts are a common but treatable condition. Early detection and appropriate treatment can help you maintain a good quality of life and clear vision. If you notice any changes in your vision, don't wait: make an appointment with your optometrist for a full eye examination.
