Age-related macular degeneration, better known by the acronym AMD, is one of the leading causes of vision loss in people aged 50 and over. It affects the macula, the central area of the retina responsible for sharp vision, which is essential for reading, driving, and recognizing faces. The good news is that even though AMD cannot always be prevented, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk and slow its progression.
What is AMD?
AMD is a progressive disease that affects central vision but does not cause total blindness. There are two forms:
- Dry AMD (the most common): slow progression, linked to the gradual thinning of the macula.
- Wet AMD: rarer, but more aggressive, caused by the abnormal growth of blood vessels under the retina.
In both cases, early detection is essential to preserve vision for as long as possible. Can AMD be prevented?
Complete prevention cannot be guaranteed, but several lifestyle habits play a key role in reducing the risk.
Focus on a protective diet
A diet rich in antioxidants contributes to retinal health. Prioritize:
- Leafy green vegetables (spinach, kale)
- Fatty fish rich in omega-3
- Colourful fruits and vegetables (rich in vitamins C, E, and carotenoids)
In some cases, specific supplements may be recommended by an eye care professional.
Avoid tobacco
Smoking is one of the most significant risk factors for AMD. Quitting smoking significantly reduces the risk of developing the disease or accelerating its progression.
Protect your eyes from the sun
Excessive exposure to UV rays can damage the retina in the long term. Wearing high-quality sunglasses that offer 100% UV protection is a simple and essential step.
Adopt an active lifestyle
Physical activity and controlling blood pressure and cholesterol contribute to good blood circulation... including in the eyes.
The importance of regular eye exams
AMD can progress without symptoms at first. A comprehensive eye exam can detect early signs, sometimes even before vision is affected.
Regular monitoring also allows you to:
- Monitor the progression of the macula
- Implement strategies to slow progression
- Quickly refer patients for treatment when necessary
Although age and genetics play an important role, preventing AMD involves making daily choices: eating well, protecting your eyes, avoiding tobacco, and seeing an eye care professional regularly.
Taking care of your eyes today is an investment in your quality of life for years to come.
