When we think of vision, we often imagine what we see in front of us. However, our gaze goes much further than that. The visual field represents the entire space that our eyes can perceive without moving our head, including central vision and peripheral vision. In other words, it's everything you see straight ahead... but also to the sides, above and below, even without consciously paying attention to it.
Central vision and peripheral vision: what's the difference?
The visual field is divided into two main areas:
Central vision
- Located in the center of the gaze
- Allows you to see fine details
- Essential for reading, recognizing faces, driving, or working at a screen
Peripheral vision
- Encompasses what is perceived at the sides
- Useful for detecting movement
- Essential for orientation, balance, and safety (walking, driving, playing sports)
These two types of vision work together to provide a complete and fluid perception of our environment.
What is the normal range of the visual field?
In a healthy adult, the visual field covers approximately:
- 180° horizontally
- 130° vertically
Each eye has its own visual field, and the brain combines the two images to create a comprehensive and coherent vision.
Why is the visual field so important?
Damage to the visual field may go unnoticed at first, especially if it affects peripheral vision. However, it can have a major impact on daily life:
- Difficulty moving around without bumping into objects
- Driving problems
- Reduced independence
- Increased risk of falls
Certain eye or neurological diseases can affect the visual field, sometimes without pain or obvious signs.
What is a visual field test?
A visual field test (also called perimetry) is a simple, painless test performed during an eye exam. It allows:
- Detection of areas of missing vision
- Monitor the progression of certain eye diseases
- Assess the impact of a neurological problem
During the test, you must stare at a central point and report when small lights appear in your field of vision.
When should you have your visual field checked?
A visual field test is recommended:
- During a regular eye exam
- If you experience unusual symptoms (blurred vision, dark spots, difficulty seeing to the sides)
- If you have a family history of eye diseases
- To monitor certain eye or neurological conditions
The visual field is an essential component of vision, often overlooked but fundamental to safety and quality of life. Even if everything seems normal, only an exam can confirm that your peripheral vision is intact.
Taking care of your vision also means ensuring that your entire visual field remains healthy.
