Grains of milium are small white or yellowish skin lesions, often present around the eyes, cheeks, nose, or sometimes on other parts of the face and body. These small bumps are harmless and quite common, affecting people of all ages, from infants to adults. Although benign, milia bumps can be aesthetically embarrassing, prompting many people to seek treatment to get rid of them.
Causes of milia
Milia grains are superficial cysts filled with keratin, a protein found in skin and hair. They form when dead skin cells become trapped beneath the surface of the epidermis instead of breaking off normally. Several factors can contribute to their appearance:
- Sun exposure: Sun damage can thicken the skin, hindering the natural process of shedding dead skin cells.
- Occlusive skin care products: Very rich creams or products containing comedogenic ingredients can block pores and lead to the formation of milium grains.
- Damaged skin: Burns, rashes, wounds or cosmetic procedures such as chemical peels can alter the skin and promote the appearance of milium.
- Dermatological conditions: Certain skin conditions, such as rosacea or rare hereditary diseases, can also increase the risk of milium.
Symptoms of milium
Milium grains are easily recognized by their appearance:
- Size: They are generally very small, measuring 1 to 2 millimetres in diameter.
- Color: They appear white or yellowish.
- Texture: They are firm to the touch, without pain or inflammation.
- Location: They appear most often on the face, particularly around the eyelids, cheeks and forehead, but can also be observed on other body parts.
Milium granules are common in infants and usually disappear within a few weeks. In adults, they may persist for longer.
Treatment of milia
Although milium grains do not require medical treatment due to their benign nature, there are options for those who wish to remove them for aesthetic reasons. Here are some commonly used methods:
- Manual extraction: A dermatologist or skin care professional can use a sterile needle to open the cyst and extract the keratin. This method must be performed with care to avoid damaging the surrounding skin.
- Chemical exfoliation: Regular use of products containing alpha-hydroxy acids (AHA) or beta-hydroxy acids (BHA) can help to gently exfoliate the skin and prevent the formation of new lesions.
- Cryotherapy: In some cases, milium grains can be treated by liquid nitrogen freezing, a fast and effective method, although rarely used for these small lesions.
- Laser: CO2 lasers are sometimes used to treat more persistent or deeper milium grains.
- Topical retinoids: Retinoid-based creams can help improve cell renewal and prevent the formation of new milia.
Preventing milia grains can include simple skin care measures:
- Use daily sun protection to avoid skin damage.
- Adopt a suitable skincare routine, including non-comedogenic products and gentle exfoliants.
- Avoid overly rich or occlusive products that can block pores.
Although milia grains are harmless and relatively common, they can be aesthetically embarrassing. Treatment options are numerous and can be carried out by healthcare professionals, ensuring smoother skin and a more even complexion. If milia grains are recurrent or worrying, it is always advisable to consult a dermatologist for suitable advice.
