A black eye can occur following a shock or injury near the eye. Although often not serious, this injury can be unsightly and sometimes uncomfortable.
What is a black eye?
A black eye, or periorbital ecchymosis, is caused by an accumulation of blood under the skin around the eye. This accumulation usually results from trauma to the periorbital area, which damages small blood vessels. Blood seeps into the tissues, causing a bluish or purplish discoloration.
First steps to take
In the event of injury, it's essential to act quickly to reduce swelling and minimize the appearance of bruising:
- Apply cold: Place a cold compress or ice pack wrapped in a clean cloth over the affected area for 10 to 15 minutes. Repeat every hour for the first 24 hours. This helps limit swelling and reduce bleeding under the skin.
- Elevate your head: If possible, sleep with your head elevated to reduce swelling.
- Avoid unnecessary pressure: Don't touch or rub the injured area to prevent further damage.
Home treatment
After the first 24 hours, you can move on to treatments that promote healing:
- Apply heat: Use a lukewarm compress to stimulate blood circulation and speed up the resorption of the bruise.
- Relieve pain: If you feel pain, analgesics such as acetaminophen can be taken. Avoid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin or ibuprofen, which can prolong bleeding.
When should you consult an Optometrist?
In some cases, a black eye can be a sign of a more serious injury:
- If the pain is intense or does not diminish over time.
- If you experience blurred, double vision or vision loss.
- If the eye is red or irritated or if there is bleeding in the white of the eye,
- Dizziness, nausea or headaches.
These symptoms could indicate a skull fracture, eye injury or other complication that requires immediate medical attention.
Injury prevention
While it's impossible to prevent all accidents, there are a few things you can do to reduce the risk of injury:
- Wear protective eyewear during sports activities or dangerous work.
- Take precautions to prevent falls, such as avoiding slippery surfaces and maintaining good lighting in living spaces.
A black eye is often benign, resolving itself in a few days to two weeks with proper care. However, if you have any doubts or serious symptoms, don't hesitate to consult an Optometrist for a precise treatment.
