Dry eye syndrome is a common condition affecting millions of people worldwide. Although often regarded as a mere nuisance, this eye condition can significantly impact the quality of life when not adequately treated. Let's explore the causes, symptoms, and treatments of dry eye syndrome.
What is dry eye syndrome?
Dry eye syndrome occurs when the eyes don't produce enough tears or the tears evaporate too quickly. Tears play a crucial role in moisturizing and nourishing the eye's surface. Without adequate lubrication, eyes become irritated, uncomfortable and more vulnerable to infection.
What are the causes?
Several factors can contribute to the development of dry eyes:
- Age: The body's natural aging process often decreases tear production, making older people more susceptible to dry eyes.
- Hormonal changes: Women, particularly during pregnancy, menopause or as a result of oral contraceptives, may experience a decrease in tear production.
- Medical conditions: Certain diseases, such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and autoimmune diseases (like Sjögren's syndrome), can affect tear production.
- Environment: Exposure to conditions such as wind, dry air or prolonged use of screens (computers, telephones) can cause tears to evaporate more quickly.
- Contact lens wear: Prolonged use of contact lenses can irritate the eye's surface and contribute to dryness.
- Medications: Certain medications such as antihistamines, beta-blockers or antidepressants can reduce tear production.
What are the symptoms?
Dry eye syndrome can manifest itself through several symptoms, including:
- A burning or stinging sensation
- Red or irritated eyes
- A sensation of sand or foreign object in the eyes
- Blurred vision or difficulty seeing up close
- Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
- Excessive tearing, which is the eye's reflex reaction to dryness.
How can dry eyes be treated?
Fortunately, a few solutions exist to relieve symptoms and treat dry eyes. Options vary according to the severity of the case:
- Artificial tears: Lubricating eye drops are often the first recommended treatment for mild dry eyes. They help moisturize the surface of the eye and restore comfort.
- Environmental modification: Using a humidifier in dry rooms or avoiding direct drafts can limit tear evaporation.
- Taking breaks when using screens: The “20-20-20” rule (looking 20 feet away, for 20 seconds, every 20 minutes) is often recommended to avoid eye fatigue.
- Medications and ointments: In more severe cases, your Optometrist may prescribe specific eye drops to reduce inflammation or increase tear production.
- Obstruction of tear ducts: Some people benefit from temporary or permanent obturation of the tear ducts to limit the evacuation of tears and prolong their presence on the surface of the eye.
- Clinical treatments: For more resistant cases, advanced treatments such as intense pulsed light (IPL) or thermal therapy can help stimulate the lacrimal glands and improve tear quality.
Preventing dry eyes
Although some causes of dry eyes cannot be avoided, adopting certain habits can help prevent the condition or reduce its intensity:
- Limiting exposure to dry, dusty environments
- Regularly moisturize your eyes, especially if you wear contact lenses
- Protect your eyes from the wind with wraparound sunglasses
- Reduce screen time or take frequent breaks.
Dry eye syndrome is a common condition, but not one to be taken lightly. If you experience persistent symptoms, it's essential to consult an Optometrist. Proper treatment can not only improve your comfort but also protect your vision in the long term. Don't hesitate to take care of your eyes and incorporate healthy habits to maintain good eye hydration daily.
