Glaucoma is an insidious eye disease that can lead to irreversible vision loss if not detected and treated in time. Affecting millions of people worldwide, this condition mainly affects the optic nerve and is often associated with high intraocular pressure. Yet in the majority of cases, glaucoma progresses without obvious symptoms until significant damage is already present. That's why regular eye examinations are essential for preserving visual health.
What is glaucoma?
Glaucoma refers to a group of diseases that damage the optic nerve, often as a result of increased intraocular pressure. There are two main types of glaucoma:
• Open-angle glaucoma: the most common type, which progresses slowly and painlessly. It is often detected during a routine eye examination.
• Angle-closure glaucoma: Less frequent, but more serious, it can cause a sudden increase in intraocular pressure, leading to intense pain and rapid loss of vision.
Other forms of glaucoma exist, such as congenital glaucoma (present from birth) or secondary glaucoma (linked to other eye pathologies or trauma).
Why is glaucoma so dangerous?
One of the most worrying aspects of glaucoma is its initial asymptomatic nature. The disease progresses gradually, leading to loss of peripheral vision before affecting central vision. Left untreated, glaucoma can lead to blindness.
As damage to the optic nerve is irreversible, early diagnosis is essential. Early detection enables the disease's progression to be slowed or halted by appropriate treatments, such as eye drops, laser interventions or, in some cases, surgery.
The importance of regular eye examinations
Eye examinations are not just about correcting vision; they play a key role in the prevention of eye diseases, including glaucoma. During a comprehensive examination, an optometrist can perform several tests to detect glaucoma:
• Measurement of intraocular pressure (tonometry)
• Optic nerve examination (ophthalmoscopy)
• Visual field test
• Optical coherence tomography (OCT) to observe ocular structures in detail.
The recommended frequency of examinations varies according to age and risk factors. People over 40, those with a family history of glaucoma or suffering from certain illnesses such as diabetes should be particularly vigilant and consult an optometrist on a regular basis.
Preserving vision: a personal commitment
Although there is as yet no definitive cure for glaucoma, rigorous monitoring can help limit its effects and preserve vision. Adopting a healthy lifestyle, avoiding smoking, maintaining a good diet and protecting your eyes from trauma all contribute to eye health.
In conclusion, glaucoma is a serious but manageable disease if detected early. Don't neglect your regular eye examinations: they're your best weapon against this silent menace. Make an appointment with an optometrist to ensure the long-term protection of your visual health.
