The sun emits ultraviolet (UV) rays that are well known for their harmful effects on the skin, but their impact on eye health is often underestimated. Yet UV protection is essential to prevent a range of short—and long-term eye problems.
The effects of UV on the eyes
UV rays are divided into three types: UVA, UVB, and UVC. UVC rays are filtered out by the earth's atmosphere, but UVA and UVB rays can reach the earth's surface and damage eye tissue.
- Short-term effects: Excessive UV exposure can lead to actinic keratitis, also known as “sunburn of the eye.” This condition, though temporary, is painful and manifests itself as a burning sensation, blurred vision and sensitivity to light.
- Long-term effects: Cumulative UV damage to the eyes can increase the risk of cataracts, a clouding of the crystalline lens that affects vision. UV exposure is also linked to age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a disease that impairs central vision and can lead to blindness. UV can also cause lesions on the eye's surface, such as pterygium, a growth of the conjunctiva that can impair vision.
Who's most at risk?
Everyone can be affected by UV rays, but certain factors increase vulnerability:
- Children and young adults: Children's eyes absorb more UV rays than those of adults because their pupils are larger and their crystalline lenses are clearer.
- Outdoor sports enthusiasts: Those who participate in activities at altitude, on the water or in the snow are more exposed, as these surfaces reflect UV rays, increasing exposure.
Solutions to protect your eyes
Fortunately, there are effective ways of minimizing the risks associated with UV rays:
- Wear quality sunglasses: Sunglasses that block 100% of UVA and UVB rays are essential. It's important to choose certified glasses with a mark indicating this protection. Polarized lenses offer extra protection by reducing glare.
- Opt for photochromic lenses or glasses with anti-UV coating: Photochromic lenses darken automatically in sunlight, filter UV, and adapt to light conditions. What's more, many anti-reflective coatings include UV protection.
- Wear a wide-brimmed hat or cap: This accessory can help reduce direct exposure of the eyes to UV rays, especially when the sun is at its zenith.
- Protect children's eyes: Children should wear sunglasses appropriate for their age and activities.
The role of vision professionals
Optometrists play a key role in preventing UV-related eye damage. They can assess individual risks and recommend suitable protection options during eye examinations. In addition to vision correction, professionals can advise on the best choice of glasses and treatments to ensure maximum protection.
UV protection is an essential step in maintaining good visual health throughout life. Simple measures such as wearing the right sunglasses and photochromic lenses can reduce the risk of serious eye disease. Let's not forget that UV damage is cumulative, so the sooner we adopt good protective habits, the healthier our eyes will remain.
