Dry eyes are one of the most common eye complaints, yet many people don’t fully understand where the discomfort comes from. Burning, stinging, or a gritty sensation can appear suddenly or slowly over time. But what actually causes this dryness — and why does it seem to worsen in certain situations? Here’s a simple, clear explanation to help you understand what your eyes are signaling.
The Tear Film: A Small Layer With a Big Job
Every time you blink, you spread a thin, protective layer of moisture across your eye: the tear film.
It hydrates, nourishes, protects against irritants and microbes, and helps you see clearly. When the tear film becomes unstable, insufficient, or poor in quality, dryness develops — and so does discomfort.
The Most Common Causes of Dry Eyes
1. Long hours on screens
While using screens, your blinking rate drops by nearly half. Less blinking equals fewer tears spread across the eye, which creates more dryness, burning, and irritation.
2. The environment around you
Heating systems, air conditioning, wind, and low humidity all increase tear evaporation. Airplanes and climate-controlled offices are frequent triggers.
3. Aging and hormonal changes
As we age — especially women — tear production decreases. Hormonal fluctuations (pregnancy, menopause, birth control) also directly affect tear quality.
4. Medical conditions and medications
Allergies, inflammation, autoimmune conditions, and medications such as antihistamines, antidepressants, or anti-anxiety drugs can all contribute to dryness.
5. Wearing contact lenses
Contacts absorb part of the tear film, which can lead to dryness, especially toward the end of the day.
Common Symptoms: More Than Just a Little Irritation
Dry eyes can cause:
- burning
- stinging
- a gritty or sandy feeling
- intermittent blurry vision
- light sensitivity
- redness
Sometimes, surprisingly, your eyes may water excessively — a reflex from the body trying to compensate, but without actually solving the dryness.
When Should You See a Professional?
If symptoms persist for several weeks, worsen, or start impacting your vision, it’s a good idea to see an optometrist. They can assess tear quality, detect inflammation, or identify issues like Meibomian gland dysfunction — a common cause of chronic dry eye.
Daily Tips to Soothe Dry Eyes
- remind yourself to blink more often while using screens
- use artificial tears suited to your needs
- avoid direct air flow on your eyes
- increase humidity at work or home
- take regular breaks (20-20-20 rule)
- apply warm compresses to the eyelids if recommended
Listen to What Your Eyes Are Telling You
Dryness isn’t just a minor annoyance — it’s a message.
Your eyes are asking for hydration, rest, or a healthier environment.
Small changes to your routine can dramatically improve comfort and prevent chronic dryness.
Your eyes work for you all day. Give them the care and comfort they deserve.
