Glaucoma is an often-silent eye disease that can lead to irreversible vision loss if not detected early. Since it usually progresses without pain or obvious symptoms in the early stages, it's normal to wonder, “How can I tell if I have early-stage glaucoma?”
A silent enemy: few or no symptoms at first
In most cases, primary open-angle glaucoma, the most common form, develops without noticeable signs.
Intraocular pressure can gradually increase, damaging the optic nerve without you realizing it. This is why it is often called the silent thief of sight.
Possible signs of early glaucoma
Although the disease can be silent, certain symptoms may sometimes appear at a more advanced stage:
- Reduced peripheral vision (side vision that seems to narrow).
- Difficulty seeing in the dark or slower adjustment when moving from light to dark.
- Slightly blurred vision at times.
- Mild headaches, especially related to visual strain (less common).
- Colored halos around lights (more common in other forms of glaucoma).
However, it is important to remember that the vast majority of early glaucoma cases do not cause any symptoms. Only a comprehensive eye exam can detect it.
Risk factors to be aware of
Some people are more likely to develop glaucoma. You may be at higher risk if:
- You are over 40 years old.
- You have a family history of glaucoma.
- You have severe nearsightedness or farsightedness.
- You have high intraocular pressure (even if it is not yet problematic).
- You have diabetes or cardiovascular problems.
- You have suffered an eye injury.
- You take certain cortisone-based medications (tablets, drops, inhalers).
If you recognize yourself in one or more of these factors, regular monitoring is particularly important.
How is early glaucoma diagnosed?
The only reliable way to know if you have early-stage glaucoma is to have a comprehensive eye exam that includes:
- Intraocular pressure measurement
- Optic nerve evaluation
- Visual field test
- OCT (optical coherence tomography) to analyze the optic nerve fibers
- Iridocorneal angle examination
These tests are quick, painless, and essential for early detection.
Why is early detection so important?
Glaucoma cannot be cured, but it can be controlled.
When detected early, treatments—eye drops, laser, or surgery—can preserve your vision and prevent significant progression. The earlier the diagnosis, the better the long-term results.
When should you see a doctor?
Make an appointment if:
- You have not had a comprehensive eye exam in more than 2 years.
- You have risk factors.
- You notice a decrease in your peripheral vision or halos around lights.
- You have a family history of glaucoma.
Glaucoma is an insidious disease, but with regular screening, it can be detected early and managed effectively.
To find out if you have early-stage glaucoma, nothing can replace a comprehensive eye exam by an optometrist.
Protect your vision: screening today can make all the difference tomorrow.
