Red, itchy and burning eyes are common symptoms of conjunctivitis. If properly treated, conjunctivitis has no long-term effects on children.
Conjunctivitis can seem alarming because of the intense redness of the eyes and the discomfort it causes. Therefore, it is essential to recognize the signs and symptoms early on to take effective action. Although some conjunctivitis will heal on its own, it is always advisable to consult an Optometrist as soon as the first symptoms appear so that appropriate treatment can be obtained.
What is conjunctivitis, and what causes it?
Conjunctivitis, also known as “pink eye,” is an inflammation of the membrane that covers the eye and the inside of the eyelid. The inflammation dilates the blood vessels, turning the eye red.
There are four main types of conjunctivitis:
- Bacterial: Usually affects only one eye, causing a thick green or yellow discharge.
- Viral: The most common, often affecting both eyes, resulting in a clear or no discharge.
- Allergic: Often triggered by allergens such as pollen or ragweed. It is accompanied by other symptoms such as sneezing and runny nose.
- Chemical: Caused by irritants such as pool chlorine or smoke.
What are the symptoms of conjunctivitis?
- Redness of the eye and eyelid
- Itching or burning sensation
- Clear, yellow or green discharge
- Sensitivity to light
- Sticky eyelids on waking
- Swelling of the eyelid
These symptoms can affect one or both eyes.
How can conjunctivitis be treated?
First and foremost, it's important to determine the cause of conjunctivitis, whether it's allergic, viral or bacterial. An appointment with an Optometrist is essential to guide treatment.
- Bacterial conjunctivitis: Antibiotic drops or ointment are prescribed. Following the treatment through to the end is crucial, even if symptoms disappear before then.
- Viral conjunctivitis: Antibiotics are useless, as they do not treat viruses. The doctor may recommend comfort care.
- Allergic conjunctivitis: Antihistamine drops may be prescribed to relieve symptoms.
Applying warm water compresses helps soothe itching and cleanse the eye. It also makes it easier to open eyelids stuck with secretions, especially when waking.
Adolescents should not wear contact lenses until the infection has healed. They should also avoid using eye makeup, such as mascara until symptoms have disappeared.
How can conjunctivitis be prevented?
Viral conjunctivitis is particularly contagious, hence the importance of good hygiene practices. Here are a few steps you can take:
- Wash your hands before and after touching your child's eyes.
- Avoid sharing towels or tissues used to wipe the eyes.
- Explain to your child the importance of avoiding eye contact and washing hands after touching an infected eye.
- Always wipe your child's eyes from inside to outside with a clean handkerchief to avoid spreading the infection from eye to eye.
