Glaucoma in Children: A Little-Known Reality
When we talk about glaucoma, we often think of a disease that mainly affects the elderly. However, it is important to know that glaucoma can also affect children. Although it is rarer, pediatric glaucoma is a serious condition that deserves attention and understanding.
What is pediatric glaucoma?
Pediatric glaucoma is a group of conditions characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP) that damages the optic nerve, leading to vision loss. Unlike adult glaucoma, glaucoma in children may be congenital or develop in the first few years of life.
Primary congenital glaucoma
Primary congenital glaucoma is the most common form in children. It generally occurs before the age of three and is caused by a congenital defect in the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye. This defect prevents the liquid (aqueous humour) from draining properly, leading to an increase in intraocular pressure.
Secondary glaucoma
Secondary glaucoma in children can be caused by other ocular or systemic diseases, such as trauma, ocular inflammation (uveitis), or after eye surgery. It can also be associated with genetic syndromes such as Sturge-Weber syndrome.
Symptoms and detection
The symptoms of glaucoma in children can vary depending on the age of the child and the severity of the disease. Parents should look out for the following signs:
- Excessive tearing: Children with glaucoma may have frequent tearing with no apparent cause.
- Photophobia: Increased sensitivity to light.
- Corneal enlargement: Eyes may appear larger due to increased intraocular pressure.
- Opacification of the cornea: The cornea may become cloudy.
- Frequent crying and irritability: Due to the pain and discomfort caused by high intraocular pressure.
Early detection is crucial. Regular check-ups with an Optometrist are recommended, especially if there is a family history of glaucoma. Diagnosis is based on several tests, including measuring intraocular pressure, examining the drainage angle, and assessing the optic nerve.
Treatment
Treatment for pediatric glaucoma depends on the severity of the condition and the age of the child. Options include:
- Medication: Eye drops may be prescribed to lower intraocular pressure.
- Surgery: Trabeculotomy and goniotomy are common surgical procedures in young children to improve aqueous humour outflow.
- Regular monitoring: Children with glaucoma require lifelong monitoring to control intraocular pressure and prevent disease progression.
Although rare, glaucoma in children is a serious condition that can seriously affect vision if not diagnosed and treated in time. Parents need to be aware of the potential signs and consult a specialist at the first sign of glaucoma. With early detection and appropriate treatment, the condition can be effectively managed, and the child's vision preserved.
