Migraines are not just headaches. For many, they are accompanied by a phenomenon known as a ‘migraine aura.’ But what does this mean?
Definition of migraine aura
A migraine aura is a series of transient neurological symptoms that precede or accompany a migraine attack. It mainly affects vision but can also affect other sensory or cognitive functions. Around 25-30% of migraine sufferers experience an aura.
Types of auras
• Visual aura: This is the most common form. People often report flashes of light, flickering shapes, zigzag lines or blurred areas in their field of vision. These phenomena can affect one or both eyes.
• Sensory aura includes tingling or numbness, usually in the hands, arms or face.
• Speech aura: Some people have difficulty speaking or finding words.
• Motor aura (rarer): This may cause temporary muscle weakness or a feeling of paralysis in certain parts of the body.
How long does a migraine aura last?
An aura generally lasts between 5 and 60 minutes. In some cases, it disappears before the migraine pain appears, but it can also persist or even occur without pain.
What causes it?
The migraine aura is thought to be linked to a wave of depolarization of neurons on the surface of the brain, known as ‘pervasive cortical depression.’ This wave temporarily disrupts normal brain functions, leading to the symptoms observed.
How do you manage a migraine aura?
• Rest: At the first signs of an aura, lying down in a dark, quiet room can be helpful.
• Note your triggers: Certain foods, stress, or hormonal changes can favour migraines with aura. Identify and avoid your triggers.
• Consult a professional: If the auras are frequent or disabling, talk to your doctor to assess your treatment options.
When should you seek urgent medical attention?
If you have unusual or persistent symptoms, such as an aura lasting more than an hour, sudden visual disturbances, or severe muscle weakness, it's crucial to see a professional as soon as possible. These symptoms could indicate another condition.
Although a migraine aura may seem worrying, it is generally benign and transient. Understanding its triggers and manifestations can help you manage it better and minimize its impact on your daily life.
