Refractive surgery has transformed the lives of thousands of people by freeing them from glasses and/or contact lenses. Among the most common techniques are LASIK, PRK, and SMILE. Although all aim to correct vision, they differ in their methods and advantages.
LASIK: the most widely used technique
LASIK (Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis) is probably the best-known refractive surgery.
- Procedure: a thin flap is created on the surface of the cornea using a laser or microkeratome, then the excimer laser reshapes the cornea to correct vision. The flap is then repositioned.
- Advantages: rapid visual recovery (often the next day), little pain after the procedure.
- Limitations: requires a sufficiently thick cornea, not recommended for certain professions or contact sports due to the corneal flap.
PRK: the first generation still in use
PRK (photorefractive keratectomy) is an older technique, but is still used in certain cases.
- Procedure: the epithelial layer (surface of the cornea) is removed, then the excimer laser acts directly on the corneal surface. The epithelium regenerates naturally in the following days.
- Advantages: no corneal flap is created, making the technique suitable for thin corneas or people at risk of eye trauma.
- Limitations: slower recovery (several days to a few weeks), more discomfort after surgery.
SMILE: the new generation
SMILE (Small Incision Lenticule Extraction) is a newer technology, performed only with a femtosecond laser.
- Procedure: the laser cuts a small lenticule (a lens of tissue) inside the cornea, which is removed through a tiny incision.
- Advantages: no corneal flap, minimal incision, generally quick recovery, less post-operative dry eye.
- Limitations: best suited for presbyopia and astigmatism; less commonly used to correct hyperopia
How to choose the right technique?
The choice between LASIK, PRK, and SMILE depends on several factors:
- The thickness and shape of the cornea,
- The degree of correction required,
- Lifestyle and activities (sports, profession),
- Medical history.
Ask your trusted optometrist for advice.
They will be able to guide you and, if necessary, refer you to an ophthalmology clinic. A comprehensive evaluation at the clinic will give you a clear picture of the technique best suited to your eye health and lifestyle. The ophthalmologist will then be able to explain in detail the benefits and risks associated with each option.
