Conjunctivitis is an inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva, the thin transparent membrane that covers the white of the eye (sclera) and the inside of the eyelids. It is a common condition, often benign, but can be very uncomfortable. It affects people of all ages and can spread easily, especially in places such as schools, daycare centers, and offices.
Different types of conjunctivitis
There are several types of conjunctivitis, each with different causes and treatments:
1. Viral conjunctivitis: Caused by a virus (often the same one that causes the common cold), it is highly contagious. It usually affects both eyes and is accompanied by redness, itching, excessive tearing, and a clear discharge.
2. Bacterial conjunctivitis: This is caused by a bacterial infection and is characterized by a thick, yellow-green discharge that can stick the eyelids together, especially upon waking. It may initially affect only one eye, then spread to the other. It is also contagious, but is usually treated with antibiotic drops or ointments.
3. Allergic conjunctivitis: Triggered by an allergic reaction (pollen, dust, animal hair, etc.), it is not contagious. It often affects both eyes and causes intense itching, redness, tearing, and sometimes swelling of the eyelids.
4. Irritative conjunctivitis: This is caused by exposure to irritants such as smoke, chlorine from swimming pools, or chemicals. The symptoms usually disappear on their own once the irritant is removed.
Common symptoms
Regardless of the cause, several symptoms are common:
- Redness of the eye
- Burning sensation or feeling of sand in the eye
- Watering or discharge
- Eyelids stuck together upon waking
- Itching (especially in allergic conjunctivitis)
- Mild sensitivity to light
How is conjunctivitis treated?
Treatment depends on the cause:
- Viral: no specific treatment, but cold compresses and good hygiene help relieve discomfort. It usually goes away on its own within a few days.
- Bacterial: antibiotics in the form of drops or ointment may be prescribed by a healthcare professional.
- Allergic: antihistamines or anti-allergic eye drops can relieve symptoms.
- Irritative: avoid contact with the irritant and rinse the eye with water or artificial tears.
Tips to prevent spread
- Wash your hands often.
- Avoid touching your eyes.
- Do not share towels, pillows, or makeup.
- Change your pillowcases and washcloths regularly.
- If you have conjunctivitis, avoid wearing contact lenses until you are completely healed.
When should you see an optometrist?
It is recommended that you see an optometrist if:
- Symptoms persist or worsen after a few days.
- You experience severe pain, sensitivity to light, or blurred vision.
- There is excessive discharge or significant swelling.
- The infection appears to be recurring.
Conjunctivitis is usually mild, but it can be uncomfortable. Recognizing its symptoms and knowing its cause will help you take the right steps and get the right treatment. If you're not sure, an optometrist can give you an accurate diagnosis and recommend the best approach.
