With the growing popularity of drugs like Ozempic, used primarily for the management of type 2 diabetes and increasingly for weight loss purposes, questions are being raised about their potential side effects, including on eye health. While these treatments effectively regulate blood sugar levels, their impact on vision and eye health deserves particular attention.
Understanding Ozempic and its mode of action
Ozempic, whose active ingredient is semaglutide, belongs to a class of drugs known as GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) agonists. These drugs stimulate insulin production while reducing glucose production by the liver. This helps stabilize blood sugar levels and may contribute to weight loss.
However, any rapid change in blood sugar levels, especially in diabetic patients, can have consequences for the eyes, particularly if diabetes-related eye conditions such as diabetic retinopathy are already present.
What are the potential effects on the eyes?
• Diabetic retinopathy: A key study evaluating semaglutide showed a slight increase in the risk of worsening diabetic retinopathy in some patients. This could be linked to a rapid reduction in blood sugar levels, which can affect blood vessels in the retina. If you suffer from retinopathy, discussing this with your doctor before starting this treatment is essential.
• Temporary blurred vision: Rapid fluctuations in blood sugar levels can also cause temporary blurred vision. This is often reversible but may cause concern in patients not expecting it.
• Indirect effects: Rapid weight loss associated with Ozempic use may lead to changes in intraocular pressure or exacerbate pre-existing conditions such as glaucoma, although these cases are rare.
What should you do if you notice changes in your vision?
If you take Ozempic and notice persistent blurred vision, black spots (floaters), or flashes of light, consult a healthcare professional immediately. These symptoms could indicate serious complications, such as retinal detachment or rapid progression of diabetic retinopathy.
Prevention and follow-up
To minimize your risk, follow these tips:
• See an Optometrist regularly for a complete eye health check-up, especially if you have diabetes.
• Discuss dose adjustments with your doctor to avoid a drop in blood sugar levels that is too rapid.
• Adopt a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and physical activity adapted to your condition.
Ozempic is a powerful tool for diabetes control and weight management, but like any medication, it is not without risks. Eye-related side effects are relatively rare but can be serious if left untreated. Open communication with your medical team and regular eye examinations are essential to protect your vision while reaping the benefits of a treatment like Ozempic.
