Puffy eyes are a common symptom that can have many causes, ranging from fatigue to allergies. However, when the swelling is accompanied by redness, pain, or discharge, it may be caused by an eye infection.
Why does an infection cause the eyes to swell?
When an infectious agent, such as a bacterium, virus, or fungus, enters or surrounds the eye, the immune system reacts quickly. This response causes inflammation, an influx of white blood cells, and dilation of blood vessels, resulting in redness, warmth, pain... and swelling. The swelling can occur on the eyelids, under the eyes, or in the conjunctiva, depending on the affected area.
The most common eye infections associated with swelling
Conjunctivitis: Often called “pink eye,” conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the membrane that lines the inside of the eyelid and the surface of the eye. It can be viral, bacterial, or allergic. When it is infectious, it is usually accompanied by discharge, redness, and visible swelling.
Stye: A stye is a small bacterial infection of a gland located at the base of the eyelashes. It manifests as a red, painful, swollen bump on the eyelid. Although benign, it can cause significant inflammation around the eye.
Blepharitis: This is a chronic inflammation of the eyelids, often linked to bacterial proliferation or dysfunction of the sebaceous glands. It causes redness, crusting, and sometimes persistent swelling of the eyelids.
When to see an optometrist
Although some swelling is benign and temporary, certain signs indicate the need to see an optometrist or doctor:
- Painful or red eye
- Blurred or double vision
- Fever
- Difficulty opening the swollen eye
- Yellowish or greenish discharge
- Swelling that worsens rapidly
How to prevent eye infections
A few simple habits can protect you:
- Wash your hands regularly, especially before touching your eyes
- Do not share makeup or towels
- Replace contact lenses regularly and follow care recommendations
- Avoid rubbing your eyes
- Consult a doctor promptly if you experience unusual symptoms
Eye infections should never be taken lightly, especially when they cause swelling of the eyes. This symptom is often a sign that your body is fighting off an invader, and prompt treatment can prevent complications. If your eyes are red, swollen, painful, or have discharge, don't wait: see an optometrist.
