Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye disease that affects the central part of the retina, called the macula, which is essential for sharp, detailed vision. It is one of the leading causes of vision loss in people over 50.
What is AMD?
There are two main types of AMD:
- Dry AMD, which accounts for around 80% of cases. It develops slowly, leading to the thinning of the macula or clusters of metabolic deposits called drusen.
- Wet AMD, which is less common but more severe, is characterized by abnormal growth of blood vessels under the retina, leading to leakage of fluid or blood.
What are the risk factors?
Certain factors increase the risk of developing AMD:
- Age: the risk increases significantly after the age of 50.
- Family history: genetics play an important role.
- Smoking almost doubles the risk of AMD.
- Poor diet: a diet low in antioxidants and omega-3s can be detrimental to eye health.
- Prolonged exposure to the sun: UV rays can damage the retina.
How can AMD be prevented?
Although certain factors such as age and genetics are beyond our control, several measures can reduce the risk of developing the disease:
- Eat a balanced diet: choose foods rich in lutein and zeaxanthin (spinach, broccoli), omega-3 (oily fish, nuts) and vitamins C and E.
- Stop smoking: tobacco is one of the main enemies of visual health.
- Wear sunglasses: they protect your eyes from harmful UV rays.
- Maintain an active lifestyle: exercise helps improve blood circulation, including nourishing your eyes.
- See an Optometrist regularly: early detection can slow the progression of the disease.
What treatments are available for AMD?
If AMD is diagnosed, the treatment options depend on its form:
- For dry AMD, there is currently no curative treatment, but specific supplements can slow its progression.
- For wet AMD, intraocular injections of anti-VEGF can stop or reduce the growth of abnormal vessels. Other treatments, such as photodynamic therapy, are also possible.
AMD is a disease that can profoundly affect quality of life, but simple steps can help prevent it. By adopting good lifestyle habits and consulting your Optometrist regularly, you can protect your vision.
Take care of your eyes today so you can see better tomorrow!
