Yellow eyes, often visible in the sclera (the white part of the eye), can be troubling and deserve special attention. Although not always alarming, they can indicate an underlying medical condition requiring treatment.
What causes yellow eyes?
• Jaundice: Jaundice is the most common cause of yellow eyes. It results from an accumulation of bilirubin in the blood, a yellow pigment produced by the breakdown of red blood cells. Liver problems such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or obstruction of the bile ducts may also cause jaundice.
• Hemolytic anemia occurs when red blood cells are destroyed faster than the liver can eliminate them, resulting in excess bilirubin.
• Gilbert's syndrome: This benign genetic disorder affects the liver's ability to process bilirubin, which can cause a slight yellow tint to the eyes, particularly in cases of stress or illness.
• Excessive consumption of alcohol or drugs: These substances can damage the liver, disrupting its normal function and leading to jaundice.
• Infections and illnesses: Certain viral infections, such as mononucleosis or diseases such as gallstones, can cause yellow eyes.
• Ophthalmic disorders: Although rare, conjunctivitis or subconjunctival hemorrhage can give the appearance of yellow eyes.
What treatments are available?
Treatment of yellow eyes depends entirely on the underlying cause:
• For liver problems: Rigorous medical follow-up is essential. This may include dietary changes, medication, or, in severe cases, a liver transplant.
• For biliary obstruction: Surgery or endoscopic treatment may be required to resolve the problem.
• For hemolytic anemia, treatments such as blood transfusions or drugs to reduce the destruction of red blood cells may be recommended.
• Lifestyle: Reducing alcohol consumption, adopting a balanced diet, and staying hydrated can prevent some of the causes of yellow eyes.
When should I consult a doctor?
Yellow eyes should not be ignored, especially if accompanied by symptoms such as:
• Excessive fatigue
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea or vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Dark urine or discoloured stools
A medical examination will identify the cause and suggest the appropriate treatment.
